Java SE是Java Platform, Standard Edition的縮寫，而JDK是Java SE Development Kit的縮寫，JDK爲Java應用提供環境支持。本文記錄如何在GNU/Linux中安裝、配置 Oracle JDK，並通過Shell腳本實現整個過程。
注意：從2019年1月起，Oracle將不再對普通用戶(非商用)提供 Java SE 8 的更新支持。
Oracle will not post further updates of Java SE 8 to its public download sites for commercial use after January 2019. Customers who need continued access to critical bug fixes and security fixes as well as general maintenance for Java SE 8 or previous versions can get long term support through Oracle Java SE Advanced, Oracle Java SE Advanced Desktop, or Oracle Java SE Suite. For more information, and details on how to receive longer term support for Oracle JDK 8, please see the Oracle Java SE Support Roadmap. – http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/overview/index.html
Shell 腳本
整個安裝、配置過程已通過Shell腳本實現，代碼託管在GitLab，通過如下命令執行
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# curl -fsL / wget -qO-
# if need help info, specify '-h'
curl -fsL https://gitlab.com/MaxdSre/axd-ShellScript/raw/master/assets/software/OracleSEJDK.sh | sudo bash -s --
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支持週期
Oracle對各JDK版本的支持週期，詳見官方文檔 Oracle Java SE Support Roadmap
Java SE 公共更新
| Release |
GA Date |
End of Public Updates Notification |
End of Public Updates |
| 8 |
Mar 2014 |
Sep 2017 |
January 2019 and December 2020 |
| 9 |
Sep 2017 |
Sep 2017 |
Mar 2018 |
| 10 (18.3) |
Mar 2018 |
Mar 2018 |
Sep 2018 |
| 11(18.9 LTS) |
Sep 2018 |
|
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Java SE 支持路線圖
| Release |
GA Date |
Premier Support Until |
Extended Support Until |
Sustaining Support |
| 6 |
Dec 2006 |
Dec 2015 |
Dec 2018 |
Indefinite |
| 7 |
Jul 2011 |
Jul 2019 |
Jul 2022 |
Indefinite |
| 8 |
Mar 2014 |
Mar 2022 |
Mar 2025 |
Indefinite |
| 9 (non-LTS) |
Sep 2017 |
Mar 2018 |
Not Available |
Indefinite |
| 10 (18.3^) (non-LTS) |
Mar 2018 |
Sep 2018 |
Not Available |
Indefinite |
| 11 (18.9 LTS) |
Sep 2018 |
Sep 2023 |
Sep 2026 |
Indefinite |
| 12 (19.3^ non‑LTS) |
March 2019 |
September 2019 |
Not Available |
Indefinite |
下載
JDK官方下載頁 Java SE Downloads
Oracle對下載做了設置，必須得同意其許可 Oracle Binary Code License Agreement for Java SE 才能下載。勾選Accept License Agreement後，會出現如下信息
Thank you for accepting the Oracle Binary Code License Agreement for Java SE; you may now download this software.
這爲通過命令行或Shell腳本下載設置了障礙。參考
Oracle在cookie中設置了指令oraclelicense，通過它判斷用戶是否已同意其許可協議，完整參數爲oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie。
可通過如下命令實現非交互操作
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# curl
curl -fsL -O -H "Cookie: oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" "${pack_download_link}"
# wget
wget -qO- -O "${pack_download_link##*/}" --header="Cookie: oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" "${pack_download_link}"
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安裝
安裝包後綴.tar.gz，可通過如下命令解壓並安裝到目標目錄
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pack_path='~/Downloads/jdk-12_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz'
installation_dir='/opt/OracleSEJDK'
tar xf "${source_pack_path}" -C "${installation_dir}" --strip-components=1 2> /dev/null
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配置
解壓後，文件目錄信息如下
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┌─[[email protected]]─[/opt/OracleSEJDK]
└──╼ $tree -L 1
├── bin
├── conf
├── include
├── jmods
├── legal
├── lib
├── man
└── release
7 directories, 1 file
┌─[[email protected]]─[/opt/OracleSEJDK]
└──╼ $
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$PATH
可執行文件存放在bin/目錄中，須將該路徑添加到環境變量$PATH中。
個人建議將配置信息存放在目錄/etc/profile.d/中，此處假設文件名爲oracle_se_jdk.sh
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jdk_execute_path='/etc/profile.d/oracle_se_jdk.sh'
echo "export PATH=${installation_dir}/bin:\$PATH" >> "${jdk_execute_path}"
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Aalternatives
如果系統安裝有多個版本的JDK，可通過alternatives或update-alternatives爲java設置默認的可執行路徑。
代碼實現
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funcAlternativeModeConfiguration(){
local jdkcommand="${1:-}"
local jdkaction="${2:-'install'}"
local jdkdir="${3:-"${installation_dir}"}"
if [[ -n "${jdkdir}" && -n "${alternative_command}" ]]; then
local jdkcommand_path
jdkcommand_path="${jdkdir}/bin/${jdkcommand}"
case "${jdkaction}" in
install )
if [[ -s "${jdkcommand_path}" ]]; then
${alternative_command} --install /usr/bin/"${jdkcommand}" "${jdkcommand}" "${jdkcommand_path}" 99 &> /dev/null
${alternative_command} --set "${jdkcommand}" "${jdkcommand_path}" &> /dev/null
fi
;;
remove|* )
if [[ -s "${jdkcommand_path}" ]]; then
${alternative_command} --remove "${jdkcommand}" "${jdkcommand_path}" &> /dev/null
fi
;;
esac
fi
}
alternative_command='alternatives'
# alternative_command='update-alternatives'
funcAlternativeModeConfiguration 'java' 'remove'
# funcAlternativeModeConfiguration 'javac' 'remove'
# funcAlternativeModeConfiguration 'jar' 'remove'
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測試
演示示例
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┌─[[email protected]]─[~]
└──╼ $which java
/usr/bin/java
┌─[[email protected]]─[~]
└──╼ $java -version
java version "12" 2019-03-19
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 12+33)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 12+33, mixed mode, sharing)
┌─[[email protected]]─[~]
└──╼ $update-alternatives --display java
java - manual mode
link best version is /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java
link currently points to /opt/OracleSEJDK/bin/java
link java is /usr/bin/java
slave java.1.gz is /usr/share/man/man1/java.1.gz
/opt/OracleSEJDK/bin/java - priority 99
/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java - priority 1081
slave java.1.gz: /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/man/man1/java.1.gz
┌─[[email protected]]─[~]
└──╼ $
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引用
更新日誌
- 2018.04.19 16:48 Wed America/Boston
- 2018.05.14 09:08 Mon America/Boston
- 2018.11.29 10:28 Thu America/Boston
- 2019.04.06 11:32 Sat America/Boston